Laparoscopic Surgeries

Laparoscopy is a type of surgical procedure that allows a surgeon to access the inside of the abdomen (tummy) and pelvis without having to make large incisions in the skin. This procedure is also known as keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery.

Appendix

The appendix is a small, tubular pouch that protrudes from the bottom of your colon, like a little tail. It’s about the length of your pointer finger. It’s located on the lower right side of your abdomen.

In this surgery, the appendix is removed to treat the appendicitis. Appendectomy is a common surgery and most people have their appendix removed. One way to remove the appendix is to make a large cut or incision below and to the right of the umbilicus (belly button). This is known as an open appendectomy. Laparoscopic appendectomy is the procedure in which the appendix is removed through small incisions.

Gall Bladder

Laparoscopic gallbladder removal is a minimally invasive surgery in which small incisions and specialized tools are used to remove a diseased or inflamed gallbladder.

The gallbladder is a small organ located just below your liver in your right upper abdomen. It stores bile, which is a liquid produced in the liver. The gallbladder releases bile into the small bowel to help break down and absorb dietary fats.

Normal digestion is possible without a gallbladder. Removal is a treatment option if it becomes significantly diseased or inflamed.

Laparoscopic removal is the most common type of gallbladder removal surgery. It’s formally known as laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Hernia

The bulging of an internal organ or tissue through the wall of the muscle wherein it usually resides is called a hernia. It commonly occurs in the abdominal wall where the intestine pushes through a weak area in the wall, usually the inguinal canal and this results in inguinal hernia which is the most common type of hernia.

Small and Large Intestines

The small intestine extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve, where it empties into the large intestine. The small intestine finishes the process of digestion, absorbs the nutrients, and passes the residue on to the large intestine. The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are accessory organs of the digestive system that are closely associated with the small intestine.

The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine follows the general structure of the digestive tract in that the wall has a mucosa with simple columnar epithelium, submucosa, smooth muscle with inner circular and outer longitudinal layers, and serosa. The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is increased by plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.

The large intestine is larger in diameter than the small intestine. It begins at the ileocecal junction, where the ileum enters the large intestine, and ends at the anus. The large intestine consists of the colon, rectum, and anal canal.

The wall of the large intestine has the same types of tissue that are found in other parts of the digestive tract but there are some distinguishing characteristics. The mucosa has a large number of goblet cells but does not have any villi. The longitudinal muscle layer, although present, is incomplete. The longitudinal muscle is limited to three distinct bands, called teniae coli, that run the entire length of the colon. Contraction of the teniae coli exerts pressure on the wall and creates a series of pouches, called haustra, along the colon. Epiploic appendages, pieces of fat-filled connective tissue, are attached to the outer surface of the colon.